Electroacupuncture for Refractory Chronic Pelvic Pain: Clinical Insights for Acupuncturists

What a 24‑Month Case Report Teaches Us About Treating Complex Pelvic Pain

Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is one of the most challenging conditions encountered in pelvic health care. Patients often cycle through medications, hormonal therapies, injections, and even surgical or neurolytic interventions—with limited or temporary relief. A recent peer‑reviewed case report published in the International Journal of Women’s Health highlights the potential role of electroacupuncture (EA) in treating refractory chronic pelvic pain, with sustained improvement observed over a 24‑month follow‑up period.

This blog summarizes the study in a clinically relevant way for acupuncturists, integrating research context, treatment details, outcomes, TCM interpretation, pelvic health relevance, and practical takeaways.

Why This Study Matters

While randomized controlled trials are the gold standard, well‑documented case reports remain extremely valuable in conditions like CPP, where presentations are heterogeneous and treatment resistance is common. This study is especially noteworthy because it:

  • Focuses on refractory CPP, after multiple failed conventional treatments

  • Uses electroacupuncture, not manual acupuncture alone

  • Provides detailed point selection and treatment parameters

  • Includes long‑term (24‑month) follow‑up, which is rare in pelvic pain literature

For acupuncturists specializing in pelvic care, this case closely mirrors real‑world clinical scenarios.

Study Overview

Patient Profile

  • Woman in her late 20s

  • History of chronic lower abdominal and pelvic pain lasting more than 10 months

  • Pain severity rated 6–8/10 on a numeric rating scale

  • Significant impact on daily function and quality of life

Prior Treatments (Unsuccessful)

Before electroacupuncture, the patient had undergone:

  • Hormonal suppression therapy (GnRH agonist)

  • Neuropathic pain medication

  • Superior hypogastric plexus neurolysis

  • Traditional acupuncture without electrostimulation

Despite these interventions, pain persisted and, at times, worsened.

Electroacupuncture Treatment Protocol

Treatment Course

  • 40 electroacupuncture sessions over approximately 4 months

  • Treatments adjusted over time based on response

Acupuncture Points Used

Anterior / Abdominal Points

  • CV12 (Zhongwan)

  • CV4 (Guanyuan)

  • CV3 (Zhongji)

  • ST25 (Tianshu)

  • Zigong (EX‑CA1)

Posterior / Sacral and Back Points

  • BL23 (Shenshu)

  • BL32 (Ciliao)

  • BL33 (Zhongliao)

  • BL35 (Huiyang)

Distal Point

  • SP6 (Sanyinjiao)

Electroacupuncture Parameters

  • EA applied primarily to sacral points (BL32–BL33–BL35) and SP6

  • Low‑frequency stimulation (approximately 5 Hz)

  • Intensity adjusted to patient tolerance

  • Session length ranged from 30–60 minutes

This combination reflects a strategy familiar to pelvic acupuncturists: pairing segmental sacral stimulation with systemic regulation points.

Results: Clinical Outcomes

Pain Reduction

  • Within the first month, both average and worst pain scores decreased by ~40%

  • By two months, pain intensity reduced to approximately 2/10

Quality of Life Improvements

  • Significant improvement in standardized quality‑of‑life scores

  • Better physical functioning, emotional wellbeing, and daily activity tolerance

Durability of Response

  • Mild pain recurrence occurred after initial cessation of treatment

  • Symptoms responded again with additional EA sessions

  • No recurrence of pelvic pain at 24‑month follow‑up

Safety

  • No adverse events reported

  • Treatment was well tolerated

Clinical Interpretation

This case suggests that electroacupuncture may:

  • Reduce pain intensity in treatment‑resistant CPP

  • Improve overall quality of life

  • Produce lasting neuromodulatory effects beyond the treatment window

Although this is a single case, the degree of refractoriness, the response magnitude, and the long‑term follow‑upstrengthen its clinical relevance.

TCM Perspective: Understanding the Mechanism

From a Traditional Chinese Medicine standpoint, chronic pelvic pain often involves a complex layering of patterns, including:

  • Qi and Blood Stagnation in the Lower Jiao

  • Kidney Qi deficiency failing to support pelvic stability

  • Spleen Qi weakness contributing to poor tissue nourishment

  • Secondary involvement of the Liver in pain and constraint

Rationale for Point Selection

  • Ren and abdominal points (CV3, CV4, CV12, ST25, Zigong): Regulate the Lower Jiao, harmonize Qi and Blood, and address gynecologic pain patterns

  • Baliao and sacral points (BL32–BL34, BL35): Core points for pelvic pain, pelvic floor dysfunction, and sacral nerve regulation

  • BL23: Supports Kidney function and constitutional weakness

  • SP6: Harmonizes the Spleen, Liver, and Kidney while strongly influencing pelvic and gynecologic disorders

Electroacupuncture at the sacral level may enhance Qi movement, Blood circulation, and nerve signaling, aligning classical TCM theory with modern neuromodulation concepts.

Pelvic Health Relevance for Acupuncturists

This case reinforces acupuncture’s role in managing complex pelvic pain syndromes, particularly when:

  • Pain is chronic and centralized

  • Multiple systems (visceral, musculoskeletal, neurologic) are involved

  • Conventional medical approaches have failed

It also highlights the importance of:

  • Adequate treatment dosing

  • Consistency over time

  • Willingness to use electroacupuncture when appropriate

Practical Treatment Takeaways

Patients Who May Benefit

  • Chronic pelvic pain lasting longer than 6 months

  • History of unsuccessful medical or interventional treatments

  • Mixed pain presentations (visceral + neuropathic features)

Clinical Strategy

  • Perform thorough pelvic and systemic assessment

  • Prioritize sacral electroacupuncture for neuromodulation

  • Combine anterior and posterior point sets

  • Adjust frequency and intensity based on patient response

Treatment Frequency

  • 1–3 sessions per week initially

  • Reassess after 4–6 weeks

  • Consider maintenance or booster treatments as needed

Final Thoughts

This case report provides meaningful insight into how electroacupuncture can play a powerful role in refractory chronic pelvic pain, even when other therapies have failed. The sustained improvement at two years suggests that EA may influence not only peripheral symptoms but also central pain processing and pelvic network regulation.

For acupuncturists practicing pelvic health, this study supports the thoughtful use of electroacupuncture as part of a comprehensive, evidence‑informed approach to chronic pelvic pain care.

This article is for educational purposes only and does not replace individualized medical care. Patients should consult their healthcare provider regarding diagnosis and treatment options.

Please note: We used AI to help us extract and summarize key points in this article. 

Want to specialize in pelvic health, as an acupuncturist? Join one of our Practicals or our Advanced Certificate.

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